At a glance
- Schipperkes are generally healthy dogs living 12-16 years, but face several breed-specific conditions requiring early detection
- Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IIIB is a fatal neurological disease unique to the breed that requires genetic testing to prevent
- Joint problems like luxating patella and Legg-Calve-Perthes disease are common and manageable with early intervention
- Regular eye exams and genetic screening help catch inherited conditions like progressive retinal atrophy before symptoms appear
Understanding the breed's health landscape
Many Schipperke owners worry when they first learn about breed-specific health conditions. The good news is that these dogs are generally hardy and long-lived, with most enjoying 12 to 16 years of active life. However, being aware of potential health issues helps you catch problems early and make informed decisions about your dog's care.
Unlike some breeds where health problems are widespread, Schipperkes face a smaller number of specific conditions. Some are manageable with proper veterinary care, while others require genetic testing to prevent passing them to future generations. Understanding what to watch for gives you the best chance of keeping your dog healthy throughout their life.
The most serious concern: MPS IIIB
Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IIIB represents the most serious health threat facing Schipperkes today. This inherited neurological degenerative disease is essentially unique to the breed and has no effective treatment. Dogs typically show symptoms between 2 and 4 years of age, starting with subtle muscle weakness that progresses to tremors, loss of coordination, and difficulty balancing.
You might first notice your dog seeming clumsy or having trouble with stairs they previously managed easily. The disease progresses steadily, and affected dogs usually require humane euthanasia before becoming completely incapacitated. Research shows that genetic testing is crucial for breeding decisions, with many Schipperke clubs now requiring MPS IIIB testing before mating.
The encouraging news is that responsible breeders are working to eliminate this condition from the breed. Many clubs maintain open registries of test results, making it easier for potential owners to verify their puppy comes from tested, clear parents.
Joint and mobility problems
Luxating patella, where the kneecap slips out of place, ranks as one of the most common orthopedic issues in the breed. You'll typically notice this as a limping or skipping gait, especially after exercise or when your dog gets up from resting. Mild cases might only need anti-inflammatory medication and exercise restriction, while severe cases can progress to arthritis and require surgical correction.
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease affects the hip joint in young dogs, typically those under 18 months. This degenerative condition causes the femoral head to deteriorate, leading to hip pain and lameness. Treatment ranges from pain management with medication to surgery involving femoral head removal, followed by physical therapy.
Early veterinary diagnosis makes a significant difference in managing both conditions. Weight control becomes particularly important, as extra pounds put additional strain on already compromised joints. Most dogs adapt well to treatment, maintaining good quality of life with proper management.
Eye health considerations
Several eye conditions appear more frequently in Schipperkes than in mixed breeds. Progressive retinal atrophy represents the most serious concern, as this inherited condition leads to gradual blindness with no effective treatment available. Dogs typically show night blindness first, progressing to complete vision loss over time.
Cataracts and distichiasis, where extra eyelashes cause eye irritation, also occur in the breed. While cataracts might be surgically treatable in some cases, prevention through genetic screening remains the best approach. Regular veterinary eye exams, particularly with a veterinary ophthalmologist, help detect early signs of these conditions.
The Canine Eye Registry Foundation provides eye clearances for breeding dogs, helping reduce the incidence of inherited eye problems. If you're considering breeding your dog, these clearances become essential for making responsible decisions.
Hormonal and blood disorders
Hypothyroidism occurs commonly enough in Schipperkes to warrant regular monitoring. This endocrine disorder develops when the thyroid gland produces insufficient hormones, leading to weight gain, lethargy, dull coat, and skin problems. The condition responds well to daily hormone replacement therapy, though treatment continues for life.
Von Willebrand Disease Type 1, a bleeding disorder, has been identified in some lines. While not as prevalent as other conditions, genetic testing helps identify carriers and affected dogs. Dogs with this condition require careful management to avoid trauma and may need special precautions during surgery.
Blood tests can diagnose both conditions reliably. Hypothyroidism treatment typically costs around $20-50 per month for medication, making it one of the more manageable chronic conditions affecting the breed.
Preventive care and early detection
Regular veterinary checkups become particularly important for Schipperke owners. Annual exams should include orthopedic evaluations to check for joint problems and eye examinations to catch vision issues early. Many veterinarians familiar with the breed will automatically screen for common conditions during routine visits.
Dental care deserves special attention in these small dogs. Like most toy breeds, Schipperkes are prone to dental disease, with tartar buildup and periodontal problems developing earlier than in larger dogs. Regular tooth brushing and professional cleanings help prevent serious dental issues that can affect overall health.
Weight management plays a crucial role in preventing or managing several breed-specific conditions. Maintaining ideal body weight reduces strain on joints affected by patella luxation or Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Most dogs should have a visible waist when viewed from above and ribs that are easily felt but not visible.
Making informed decisions about breeding and insurance
Genetic testing has become essential for anyone considering breeding their Schipperke. Tests for MPS IIIB, patella luxation, and Von Willebrand Disease typically cost $50-150 each but provide crucial information for breeding decisions. Reputable labs offer DNA tests specifically designed for mutations found in the breed.
Pet insurance deserves serious consideration for Schipperke owners. Premiums run higher than for mixed breeds due to hereditary risks, but coverage can provide significant financial support for expensive treatments. Surgery for joint problems typically costs $1,000-3,000, while cataract surgery can range from $1,500-5,000.
When choosing insurance, look for policies that cover hereditary conditions rather than just accidents and illnesses. Some insurers exclude breed-specific problems, making careful policy comparison essential before purchasing coverage.
