At a glance
- Akitas face several breed-specific health challenges including hip dysplasia, hypothyroidism, and a life-threatening condition called bloat
- Early detection through regular vet checkups and blood work can prevent many serious complications
- Daily grooming and dental care are essential for managing skin conditions and preventing systemic health problems
- Preventive surgery for bloat should be discussed with your vet, especially during spay/neuter procedures
Many Akita owners notice their dogs seem more prone to certain health issues than other breeds. This isn't your imagination. These powerful, dignified dogs carry genetic predispositions that require your attention and proactive care throughout their lives.
Understanding what to watch for can make the difference between catching a problem early and dealing with a serious health crisis. The good news? Most of these conditions respond well to treatment when detected promptly.
Hip dysplasia: The silent joint destroyer
You might first notice your dog hesitating at the bottom of stairs or moving with a subtle "bunny hop" gait in their back legs. Hip dysplasia affects many Akitas because of their size and genetic makeup, causing the hip joint to form improperly and leading to painful arthritis over time.
The early signs are often subtle. Your dog may seem reluctant to jump into the car, take longer to get up from lying down, or show less enthusiasm for long walks. Some dogs develop noticeable muscle loss in their hindquarters as they unconsciously shift weight away from painful joints.
Treatment options range from conservative management to surgical intervention. Pain relief medications, joint supplements containing glucosamine and chondroitin, and controlled exercise can help many dogs maintain good quality of life. Physical therapy and acupuncture have shown promising results in managing symptoms.
Prevention starts with maintaining a healthy weight throughout your dog's life. Extra pounds place additional stress on already vulnerable joints. For puppies, avoid excessive jumping and high-impact activities until their growth plates close, typically around 18-24 months.
Thyroid troubles: When energy disappears
Have you wondered why your once-energetic dog now seems content to sleep most of the day? Hypothyroidism commonly affects these dogs, occurring when the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough hormones to maintain normal metabolism.
The changes often develop gradually. You might notice unexplained weight gain despite no change in diet, thinning hair that feels different to touch, or skin problems that don't respond to typical treatments. Many dogs become less tolerant of cold weather and seem generally lethargic.
Fortunately, hypothyroidism responds excellently to treatment. Daily thyroid hormone replacement therapy, prescribed and monitored by your veterinarian, typically restores normal energy levels within weeks. Regular blood tests ensure the dosage remains appropriate as your dog ages.
Early detection makes treatment more effective. Annual blood work that includes thyroid function testing can catch this condition before symptoms become severe.
Eye problems: Protecting precious sight
Vision problems affect many dogs in this breed, ranging from structural abnormalities present at birth to progressive conditions that develop over time. Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is particularly concerning because it leads to gradual vision loss and eventual blindness.
Watch for subtle changes in your dog's behaviour around dusk or in dimly lit areas. Dogs with developing vision problems often hesitate before entering dark rooms or seem more cautious on evening walks. Some develop a reluctance to navigate stairs in low light.
Other eye conditions include entropion, where the eyelid rolls inward and causes irritation, and cataracts that cloud the lens. Microphthalmia, a condition where eyes are abnormally small, can occur in some bloodlines.
While no cure exists for PRA, early diagnosis helps you adapt your dog's environment. Providing extra lighting, maintaining consistent furniture placement, and using verbal cues can help affected dogs navigate confidently. Regular veterinary eye exams, ideally starting in puppyhood, are essential for early detection.
Sebaceous adenitis: The challenging skin condition
This autoimmune skin disease particularly affects dogs with thick, double coats. The condition causes inflammation of sebaceous glands, leading to distinctive hair loss patterns, scaly skin, and a characteristic musty odour that regular bathing doesn't eliminate.
You'll typically notice hair loss starting along the back and top of the head, often in a symmetrical pattern. The skin underneath may appear silvery and scaly, with dandruff that seems excessive even with regular grooming. Secondary bacterial infections can develop, causing additional odour and discomfort.
Managing sebaceous adenitis requires lifelong commitment. Medicated shampoos, topical treatments, and sometimes oral medications help control symptoms. Regular grooming becomes even more critical, though you'll need to use gentle techniques to avoid irritating sensitive skin.
Work closely with your veterinarian to develop a management routine. Some dogs respond well to omega fatty acid supplements, while others need more intensive treatment protocols.
Bloat: The emergency every owner must recognise
Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), commonly called bloat, represents the most serious emergency these deep-chested dogs face. The stomach fills with gas and twists, cutting off blood supply and creating a life-threatening situation within hours.
Learn to recognise the warning signs: retching without producing vomit, excessive pacing or restlessness, a visibly distended abdomen, and signs of severe discomfort. Some dogs drool excessively or repeatedly try to vomit without success.
Time is critical with bloat. Immediate veterinary intervention is the only treatment, typically requiring emergency surgery to untwist the stomach and restore normal circulation.
Prevention includes feeding smaller, more frequent meals rather than one large daily feeding. Avoid vigorous exercise immediately before and after meals. Many veterinarians recommend preventive gastropexy surgery, where the stomach is surgically attached to the body wall to prevent twisting. This procedure is often performed during spay or neuter surgery.
Dental disease: The hidden health threat
Dental problems in these dogs extend far beyond bad breath. Tartar buildup leads to gum infection, tooth loss, and bacteria that can affect the kidneys, liver, heart, and joints through the bloodstream.
Daily tooth brushing with dog-specific toothpaste provides the best prevention. Start this routine early in puppyhood to help your dog accept the process. Dental chews and water additives can supplement, but don't replace, regular brushing.
Professional dental cleanings under anaesthesia allow thorough examination and treatment below the gum line where problems often start. Your veterinarian can recommend an appropriate schedule based on your dog's individual needs.
Cancer concerns: Staying vigilant
These dogs face higher-than-average risks for certain cancers, particularly lymphoma affecting white blood cells. Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes and quality of life.
Monitor for swollen lymph nodes, which you can feel as enlarged, firm bumps under the jaw, in front of the shoulders, or behind the knees. Other warning signs include unexplained weight loss, decreased appetite, or general lethargy that doesn't improve with rest.
Regular veterinary checkups include palpation of lymph nodes and other cancer screening measures. If you notice any unusual lumps, bumps, or changes in your dog's behaviour or appetite, schedule a veterinary appointment promptly.
Creating your prevention plan
Successful health management for these dogs requires consistent, proactive care. Schedule annual or biannual veterinary examinations that include blood work, thyroid testing, and eye evaluations. Maintain detailed health records to track changes over time.
Weight management plays a crucial role in preventing multiple health problems. Regular, moderate exercise maintains muscle tone and joint health while avoiding high-impact activities that stress developing joints in young dogs.
Establish grooming routines early, brushing several times weekly to manage their thick double coat and monitor skin health. Use this time to check for lumps, bumps, or changes in your dog's body condition.
Budget for healthcare costs, which can range from moderate routine expenses to significant surgical interventions. Consider pet insurance or establish a dedicated savings account for veterinary emergencies.
Partner with a veterinarian experienced with large breeds who understands the specific challenges these magnificent dogs face. With proper care, attention, and early intervention when problems arise, your companion can enjoy many healthy, active years.
